Ajanta is a group of 30 caves of different sizes were excavated on a large rock on a horseshoe-shaped hill overlooking a narrow stream called Waghora. Each cave is connected to the river with a ladder-tanga, which has now been demolished and only a few remnants remain. The caves are named after the nearby village called Ajanta. Dalan these caves are masterpieces of Buddhist religious art, with figures of Buddha and the depiction of a story that tells about the life of Buddha before.
Cave was built in two phases starting around 2nd century BC, and the second group was built around 400-650 AD. Buddhist priests stopped to a quiet place during the rainy season, and because they have a lot of time during a layover, they use them to deepen their faith through prayer and discussion.
There are two types of cave monasteries and portray Chaitya-Griha. Vihara is a monastery used to live and worship. In the form of a square space with smaller spaces along the side walls. Small spaces used by the monks to break and other activities while the central large square room to pray. The front of the monastery is often characterized by colonnaded terraces, with other spaces in the door runs parallel to the terrace. Other types of caves, Chaityagrihas, is a room used for worship. It is a long tunnel like cave with pillars rounded on both sides. At the end of the cave is placed stupa, which is a symbol of the Buddha.
This cave was abandoned twice. First for a period of nearly 300 years, since the locals have converted to Hinduism. Caves and excavations got excited again when Emperor Harishena of Vakataka dynasty ascended the throne, but then abandoned once again when Harisena death in the year 477 AD This time waiting for nearly 1,000 years until John Smith, a British officer for the Madras Presidency, it was stumbled across the entrance to the Cave No. 10, on April 28, 1819 while hunting tigers. John actually damage the walls by writing the name and date of discovery, although the writing is far from normal eye sight now, because when he wrote it, he was standing on the ruins of five feet that accumulate naturally over hundreds of years.
Ajanta and Ellora caves are equally monumental stones were cut and carved on a rock. They both define the art and architectural achievements of India. Although two monuments are separated by a distance of about 100 kilometers they are often mentioned together because of aesthetics and their interests are the same and the fact that both located in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. While Ajanta known for his paintings beautifully made on cave walls with the theme of Buddhism, Ellora known for the sculptures and architecture of three different religions, prevailing in India at that time, the Buddhist, Hindu and Jain.
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